Antropologia e etologia
uma abordagem conceitual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52426/rau.v5i1.138Palavras-chave:
antropologia, etologia, sociedades animais, emoções, cognição, inferência, ritos de interaçãoResumo
O presente artigo visa a revisar conceitos antropológicos aptos a ser aplicados a outras sociedades que não as nossas: as sociedades animais. Inscreve-se em um conjunto de pesquisas visando a questionar a função dos afetos como alicerce das sociedades e das culturas. Ou seja, trata-se de uma abordagem infracultural: consideramos a existência das culturas animais como fato estabelecido. O método e o quadro conceptual são os da antropologia, diferindo apenas no objeto, o animal, geralmente desprezado pelas ciências humanas. Propomos examinar três abordagens antropológicas suscetíveis de ser aplicadas aos animais sociais. Essas abordagens são respectivamente inspiradas de Mauss e Durkheim (sistemas de classificação), Goffman (ritos de interação), e da observação de casos clínicos extremos sob o prisma da psicologia cognitiva de Damasio e outros. Exemplos concretos, tirados da literatura etológica ou de minha própria experiência, serão utilizados com a finalidade de sugerir o potencial hermenêutico de tais conceitos e abordagens.
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